
Security Analysis: Principles and Technique
Da Benjamin Graham David L. Dodd, Charles Tatham,Recensioni: 29 | Valutazione complessiva: Bene
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With nearly a million copies sold, Security Analysis has been continuously in print for more than sixty years. No investment book in history had either the immediate impact, or the long-term relevance and value, of its first edition in 1934. By 1951, seventeen years past its original publication and more than a decade beyond its revised and acclaimed 1940 second edition,
Also overly prescriptive and narrowly framed based on the valuation levels of the day. It's a little like reading the bible - some parts you can take literally (like say the crucifixion), others you can only take figuratively (like say the story of genesis or noah's ark) and others you must throw out entirely (like say slavery or the Moses-led genocides).
Still worth the read though (but only after the Intelligent Investor)
The prescient thinking and insight displayed by Graham and Dodd in the first two editions of "Security Analysis" reached new heights in the third edition. In words that could just as easily have been written today as fifty years ago, they detail techniques and strategies for attaining success as individual investors, as well as the responsibilities of corporate decision makers to build shareholder value and transparency for those investors.
The focus of the book, however, remains its timeless guidance and advice--that careful analysis of balance sheets is the primary road to investment success, with all other considerations little more than distractions. The authors had seen and survived the Great Depression as well as the political and financial instabilities of World War II and were now better able to outline a program for sensible and profitable investing in the latter half of the century.
"Security Analysis: The Classic 1951 Edition" marks the return of this long-out-of-print work to the investment canon. It will reacquaint you with the foundations of value investing--more relevant than ever in tumultuous twenty-first century markets--and allow you to own the third installment in what has come to be regarded as the most accessible and usable title in the history of investment publishing.
Certain understanding of financial reporting is required.
I read the most recent 6th edition which is essentially an abridged 2nd edition plus some industry gurus' comments on each part and the relevance to today's investment. People also recommend replacing the first part of the 2nd edition with 3rd edition which is more detailed and comprehensive.
I think the 2nd edition flows better than the 3rd. It started with evaluation of company for bond investment and followed by the idea that stock evaluation should be built on the bond evaluation since common stock represents a non-enforceable claim on the company’s cash flows and earnings, which is inherently less safe than bond and relies more on the accuracy of the earning estimation and works with a much leaner margin of safety.
Of course, we did not experience a global depression after the 1990s (due to Greenspan and the Greatest Global Boom of all time), but there are some common threads. In addition, Benjamin Graham is the Father of Value of investing. His students have amassed some of the greatest long-term returns in history (even during the secular bull market of the 1960s and 70s).
A great read for investors.
Especially the selections on 1920's mortgage backed securities -- yea they had them.
Прочитал начало, некоторые полезные вещи узнал, дальше только пролистал.
This is 5 stars not simply for the comprehensiveness but the originality. There is a time-period bias for the modern reader. Graham literally invented most of the methods and ideas in the book. He is a modern day Newton whereby he had to invent calculus to explain gravity, Graham invented fundamental investing and provided, if I can borrow from Sagan, a candle in the dark to illuminate the irrationality, ok I paraphrased from Sagan.
Holy crap, I couldn't put it down and was surprised at just how simple it was. Now I do have training and experience as an accountant, so I wasn't worried about jargon or complicated math... more often than not the math and terms used in the financial industry are employed to turn relatively simple concepts into seemingly complicated and scientific ideas. Surprisingly, this book had almost none of that "look how smart my financial ideas are" type of vibe to it. It had very little jargon beyond the very basic stuff you'd learn in high school economics. I mean there is nothing here but practical advice that anyone should be able to understand.
risk is unavoidable, diversify, dividends are good, look for intrinsic value but still consider the price of common stocks in your final decision... stuff that I think we now take for granted as common sense, but in 1934 was still not lay knowledge.
Overall, if you're like me and want to learn from the ground up, and are more interested in theory, this is the very foundation of contemporary value investment theories
The book emphasizes concepts, methods, standards, principles and logical reasoning, so it works in the current environment, just as it did when Graham and Dodd wrote it in 1934.
2008 was a year of financial and real estate crises which lead to many people seeing huge declines in their 401(k) plans, causing some to note that the days of "buy and hold" are over now. Graham and Dodd commented on this long ago, noting that "the old idea of 'permanent investments,' exempt from change and free from care, is no doubt permanently gone." They believed in long-term investments, not trading, but still said an investor has to keep an eye on their holdings and can't just buy them and forget about them. This advice still holds true today.
They also offer valuable advice on issues as diverse as market timing, intrinsic value, market behavior, analyzing a business, using quantitative and qualitative methods to analyze securities, how investment differs from speculation, key issues for fixed investments vs common stocks, the margin-of-safety principle, the importance of the balance sheet as well as the income statement in analyzing companies, the importance of comparing price to value, and many other concepts that would benefit investors of today.
I would highly recommend this book to serious investors, especially value investors who would benefit from receiving guidance from the men who literally wrote the book on value investing.
So what is left? A lot of really wise advice of the general kind (see quotes below). Unfortunately it's embedded in a very thick book and I wouldn't recommend anyone reading the whole book to pick out those advice unless they are really interested in investments, and in particular value investments and if they are, I hope they are already familiar with much of what Graham and Dodd write here. If from no other source, from The Intelligent Investor by the same authors. That book is much more general and easy to digest.
Some quotes from the book
The most general advice of all:
"The future is often no respecter of statistical data."
About trust in the management (Norwegian Vardia is an ongoing example of this):
"When an enterprise pursues questionable accounting policies, all its securities must be shunned by the investor, no matter how safe or attractive some of them may appear."
About making those really great deals:
"Obviously it requires strength of character in order to think and to act in opposite fashion from the crowd and also patience to wait for opportunities that may be spaced years apart."
About people trying to convince by complicating things. I will paraphrase Warren Buffett - don't invest in something you don't understand:
"Because figures are used in this process, people mistakenly believe that it is “mathematically sound.”"
About trusting advisors absolutely:
"... if the adviser knew whereof he spoke he would not need to bother with a consultant’s duties."
About being using cash as an indicator of success rather than the numbers reported:
"We and other investors today tend to focus on cash flow after capital expenditures (free cash flow), instead of earnings, to evaluate the investment merits of a business. One advantage of this approach is that it helps shortcut a good many games that management can play in reporting profits."
About skepticism towards earning reports:
"The basing of common-stock values on reported per-share earnings has made it much easier for managements to exercise an arbitrary and unwholesome control over the price level of their shares. Whereas it should be emphasized that the overwhelming majority of managements are honest, it must be emphasized also that loose or “purposive” accounting is a highly contagious disease."
One that is very relevant to people tricked into buying stock in the dot com bubble:
"Buying stock in new or virtually new ventures. This we can condemn unhesitatingly and with emphasis. The odds are so strongly against the man who buys into these new flotations that he might as well throw three-quarters of the money out of the window and keep the rest in the bank."
In my opinion the recent edition of "Intelligent Investor" does better in updating and put some footnotes to adjust the statements with the now condition. In this book, even one of the co-author added to this edition humbly admitted that he had not completed reading this book until he were invited to write the chapter. And I think this book is too long for outdated information.
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Graham is an interesting author with original ideas and not afraid of challenging other's opinion and bluntly mention them in his book. The main purpose of Value Investing is to find securities in discount (lower market value than its book value/ working capital) to establish margin of safety in case of default. The goal is to maintain investment position, so any profit taking because of increase in principal is best avoided and strive to have continuous annual income instead; and only to sell the security when the earning power is likely to diminish or when the price is deemed too high above premium (it becomes speculative).
I feel hesitated to read big part about bonds to this book; but the concept of Value Investing itself lies on a thorough fundamental analysis of the company. A clause in bonds' indenture, capitalization structure, or warrants attached to bond might affect stock so might as well getting to know them as well.
Topics about Cash Flows and analyzing companies working with mostly intangible assets like software comp/ tech comp would be great complimentary reading to this classic (a.k.a outdated) book. The fact that the depression happened in Graham's time is now considered as only mild recession could probably change the analyses to stricker threshold.
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The concept of Value Investing is great, but the founder himself might experience some inconsistency in doing it. Future forecasting and timing on buying are not an action of investment - Graham argued in both Intelligent Investor and Security Analysis. But I wonder if he just did it:
"In the spring of 1951, the Dow Jones Industrial Average stood at about 250.Professor Graham suggested his class at Columbia University Business School that maybe the student would benefit from delaying his investing career until after the Dow had completed ITS PREDICTABLE DECLINE to under 200, which had yet to happen in 1951. Warren Buffett declined the advice, and a good thing it was because the Dow did not return to 200 that year or in any year since. “I had about ten thousand bucks” when Professor Graham gave his advice, Buffett told the Wall Street Journal. “If I had taken his advice, I would probably still have about ten thousand bucks.” pg. 287, Introduction to Part III.
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I push myself to finish this book just before my birthday. 908 pages gifted to myself! Joy!
Il prossimo!
The commentaries read like little more than extended promotional blurbs and do not really add anything illuminating to the discussion. This is seen most amusingly in the final "commentary" on global investing, a topic understandably absent in the 1940 edition. Instead of correcting this shortcoming, a vague essay is offered which mostly rants about the difficulties - giving dated examples, in some cases from the 1980s - so much for updating Graham to today's markets.
More alarmingly, one of the contributors notes that a certain practice is "an unacceptable risk for those of us who invest our own money alongside our client." The reader cannot fail to compare this statement with one made by Buffett in his commentary to Graham's Intelligent Investor, where he notes that a manager cannot afford to take risks precisely because it's not his money that is at stake, but his client's. It only shows how out of touch the editors are with Graham, in character if not in investment strategy.
People should not try to improve masterpieces just for the sake of making a new issue. And in this case the publisher clearly did not have anything relevant to add. If you can, try to get the 2nd edition reprinting instead.
As someone who only invests in private companies and owns no public stocks, I was hoping for a bit more data that would be usable. Granted, the book does not promise this, but it was the major reason I picked this up. If you have the same intentions, you can go straight to "Section V: Analysis of the Income Account, the Earnings Factor in Common-Stock Valuation" and "Section VI: Balance Sheet Analysis, Implications of Asset Values."